The method of metaphysics: Metaphysics is empirical but depends not, like the sciences, on recondite experience but on close attention to aspects of everyday experience we ordinarily scarcely notice. "Real" is a broader concept than "exists" (which applies only to particulars) and also applies to phenomena, kinds, and laws, which are real, but not, of course, existent entities. But "there are real kinds, laws, etc." doesn't imply that all the kinds and laws we believe are real, are. I call my approach "Innocent Realism" because--though it's certainly not naive--it requires attending to experience, so far as possible, without substantial preconceptions. There is one real world, enormously varied but also integrated. It includes physical stuff, kinds, laws, etc. and, here on earth, a vast array of human artifacts, physical, social, intellectual, and imaginative, all intimately interconnected. All this requires human mindedness (a better word than "mind" because it doesn't suggest that human MENTALity is an organ like the heart or the liver). Rather, it's a complex congeries of dispositions and abilities: to understand even such a relatively simple thing as what's involved in someone's believing something, we need to take account of the person's dispositions to behavior, verbal and otherwise; to the neurophysiological realizations of these dispositions; and to their connections to the world and to words in the person's linguistic community--this last requiring other people's words-world connection. "Virtual" REALITY is just one more computer artifact, clever, no doubt, but not metaphysically startling. It's oversold, but this is advertising hype, not serious metaphysics.

Background & Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of REALITY therapy on coping strategies and rumination of couples. Materials & Methods: The research design was quasi-experiMENTAL and included a pretest and post-test that was performed in both experiMENTAL and control groups. The statistical population of this study included all couples who referred to the counseling office of neighborhoods in districts 2 and 9 of Tehran. Among the eligible individuals, 30 people were selected as the sample using the available sampling method and randomly divided into two The control and experiMENTAL groups were assigned and then the experiMENTAL group received 10 sessions of 90 minutes. The data collection tool in the present study was Yousefi Ruminant Questionnaire (2005) and Billings and Moss (1981) coping strategies questionnaire. The research method was pre-test-post-test with a control group. The statistical method of data analysis was analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that REALITY therapy reduces rumination and improves coping strategies in couples (p <0. 005). Discussion and Conclusion: As a result, according to the obtained results, counselors and psychologists can use REALITY therapy to improve coping strategies and reduce rumination.

This Quasi-ExperiMENTAL Study examined the efficacy of virtual REALITY (VR)-enhanced MENTAL skills training compared to traditional methods in improving psychological resilience, physiological regulation, and sport-specific performance among elite athletes. Eighty elite athletes (40 male, 40 female) from football, basketball, swimming, and track and field were randomly assigned to either a VR training group (n=40) or a traditional MENTAL skills training group (n=40). The VR group completed six weeks of immersive, biofeedback-assisted sessions using the Meta Quest Pro headset with sport-specific scenarios, while the control group received conventional MENTAL training. Psychological (SMTQ, CSAI-2R), physiological (HRV, EDA), and performance metrics were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up. The VR group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in MENTAL toughness (28. 6% vs. 12. 4%, p < 0. 001), faster autonomic recovery (40% reduction in stress recovery time, p = 0. 003), and enhanced decision-making under pressure (23% faster correct responses, p < 0. 001) compared to controls. Team sport athletes showed larger benefits than individual sport athletes (p = 0. 02), and effects were maintained at follow-up with minimal decay (<5%). VR-based MENTAL training outperforms traditional methods, particularly when integrated with biofeedback and sport-specific simulations. These findings support VR as a transformative tool for elite athlete preparation, offering scalable, data-driven psychological training with lasting effects.

Background and purpose The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of REALITY therapy on MENTAL cohesion, self-destruction, and fatigue in drug abusers using a quasi-experiMENTAL method with a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. Method Among the consumers referring to the Pariz Addiction Treatment Center in Tehran in 30, 1400 people were selected by purposive sampling and randomly (by lottery) assigned to two experiMENTAL groups and one control group. The experiMENTAL group received 8 sessions of REALITY therapy. The control group did not receive any intervention. The short form of the MENTAL Cohesion Scale, the Self-Destruction Questionnaire, and the Fatigue Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24 and repeated measures analysis of variance. Findings The frequency distribution of participants in the study by study groups showed that in the REALITY therapy group it was 11. 29±15. 0 and in the control group it was 5. 33±47. 0. In the REALITY therapy group, 9 people (%60) had a diploma, 4 people had a bachelor›s degree (%26. 27), and 2 people (%13. 33) had a master›s degree. In the control group, 7 people (%46. 66) had a diploma and 8 people (%54. 34) had a bachelor›s degree. The results of the one-way analysis of variance test showed that the members of the studied groups are homogeneous based on age (t=0. 74, P=0. 70). The results of the chi-square test showed that the members of the studied groups are homogeneous based on the level of education (0. 50=2, P<0. 05). Results The results of the study showed that REALITY therapy is significantly effective on MENTAL cohesion, self-destruction, and fatigue in drug abusers, in other words, people who participated in REALITY therapy sessions, their MENTAL cohesion increased and their self-destructive behaviors and fatigue also decreased. According to the results of the research, the use of REALITY therapy is recommended to clinical psychologists and psychotherapists in order to increase MENTAL cohesion and reduce self-destruction and fatigue in drug abusers.

Artifacts are ubiquitous and influential in our world, but their nature and existence are controversial. Several theories have been proposed to explain the ontology of artifacts. Drawing on Popper's theory of three worlds, this paper suggests a metaphysics for artifacts along the line of a critical rationalist (CR) approach. This theory distinguishes between three realms of REALITY: the physical world (World 1), the MENTAL world (World 2), and the world of objective knowledge (World 3). The paper argues that artifacts have different ontological components that correspond to these three realms, and that each component is real and causal. The paper shows how this perspective can account for the intentional and functional aspects of artifacts, as well as their dependence on plans that influence different realms of REALITY. The paper explains how this pluralistic ontology, compared to the rival theories, enables one to explain the relevant ontological problems of artifacts. The paper also explores how this proposal can lead to a research program encompassing a broader range of technologies, such as social artifacts. In sum, the paper suggests that Popper's three worlds theory provides a rich and comprehensive framework for understanding the metaphysics of artifacts.

Introduction: The smart city is one of the issues that have been the focus of governments, organizations related to urban management, knowledge-based and technology companies, universities and research institutes, and the public sector in recent years. Although studies in the field of smart cities have been conducted topically in one dimension at the national or international level for nearly two decades, a study considering all dimensions of a smart city simultaneously has received less attention. To create an integrated outlook on all aspects of urbanization, policymakers have presented models for developing and maintaining cities based on modern technologies, which have been introduced as smart cities. The confrontation of ultra-modern cities with the city of the industrial age (contemporary) is another urban problem in the modern age because the needs and issues in this age differ from the conditions in which the industrial age approaches were developed (UN, 2018). Therefore, according to the growth of urbanization worldwide, it is very important to find solutions to meet the challenges of urbanization. One of these solutions is the concept of sustainable smart cities (Ibrahim et al., 2018) (Nastaran et al., 2018). Unlike most foresight studies, this research did not seek to extract strategies for realizing a smart city. Still, he is trying to turn it into a theoretical model to create a line of thought in policymakers by relying on the potential scenarios of smart cities in Iran in the horizon of 1415 by the upstream documents (the document of the province in the horizon of 1415 and the document of the national model in the horizon of 1444).Methodology: In this research, combined methods have been used to present the model of realizing smart cities, and the fuzzy cognitive mapping matrix is the basis of the analysis and explanation of the experiMENTAL model of this research. For this purpose, the meta-synthesis method was used after studying the literature and developing a theoretical framework to identify the key indicators of Rasht's smart city management. By evaluating and analyzing the sensitivity of the effects of the scenarios and the status of each driver on how to change the state of the key obstacles to the realization of the smart city of Rasht, an optimal model of the state of realization of the smart city can be presented.Results: The outputs show that in the category of obstacles to the realization of a smart city, the elements "non-observance of the principle of justice, balance, and equilibrium in ecological, social, and economic dimensions (lack of optimal management of urban resources)," "commodification of land" and " The lack of balanced development and unbridled urban growth and the emergence of problematic tissues" have received the most effects from other elements of the model with the intensity of 8.58, 7.92 and 7.65, respectively. In terms of impact based on the results, the two uncertainties of "increasing the process of immigrating cities" and "instant production and delivery" have been the most influential elements.Discussion: The results of this survey show that "lack of optimal health management" and "commodification" of land are two obstacles that have a great impact on other barriers to the realization of a smart city, and even the obstacle of "not observing the principle of justice, Balance, and Balance in ecological, social and economic dimensions (lack of optimal management of urban resources) is affected by these two obstacles. Also, the review of the analysis shows that among the uncertainties, "increasing the trend of Rasht's immigration" and "use of smart technologies in promoting clean and sustainable transportation" are mentioned as prerequisites. This problem can be expressed in such a way that to realize a smart city based on the fuzzy recognition map, the perspective of urban management must be completely changed, and the main focus of planning should be on the optimal management of the health sector and solving the problem of commoditization of land. The challenge of waste management is an old pain in the city of Rasht, and with the influx of tourists without complying with environMENTAL standards, it burdens the lives of the people of this city, and the Saravan area has become a hazard in the city of Rasht. The commodity view of land has also led to the fact that many areas of the Caspian region are rural, and the bargaining power is low due to the lack of a strong economic base and the lack of suitable conditions similar to the Caspian climate in other parts of the country. Land and property are not balanced. Also, the inheritance law, the division of land between heirs, and the reduction of the production level provide the basis for the sale of separate lands. If the prevailing trend is not managed, considering the developments that are taking place in the country, especially in the southern and central regions of Iran, as a result of climate change, the future of the Caspian region's ecosystem, especially in Gilan province and Rasht city, will be severely threatened. It can create fragile conditions for this region to realize a smart city. With the help and use of sensitivity analysis of obstacles in all scenarios, it is determined that all obstacles will decrease in the first and second scenarios and increase in the third scenario. The status of the main obstacles to realizing Rasht's smart city in different scenarios revealed that in all scenarios, "commodification of land" experiences the greatest reduction except in the third scenario. In addition to this factor, the two obstacles, "infrastructure supply crisis, energy wastage and unstable transportation," and "politicization and the existence of legal and functional differences in urban management," will have the greatest reduction in all scenarios except scenario 3. Among all the obstacles, the factor "change in business patterns and its impact on the economic system of the city" is the only one that experiences a significant reduction in all scenarios.On the other hand, the obstacle "non-observance of the principle of justice, balance, and equilibrium in ecological, social and economic dimensions (lack of optimal management of urban resources)" experiences a very small reduction in almost all scenarios. This problem shows that this barrier has a low sensitivity to different scenarios and practically no reaction to various scenarios. Considering that this obstacle is of great importance in the subject literature, it seems necessary to formulate and explain specific tasks to reduce it and improve the realization of the smart city of Rasht. At this stage, all the main elements of realizing the smart city of Rasht were determined, and the consequences' severity and impact were analyzed and explained.Conclusion: According to the obtained results and based on the intensity of the relationships and the power of influence between them, the experiMENTAL model of the future realization of the smart city of Rasht has been created. Then, based on the degree of centrality and importance of the factors for each of the scenarios, the above model is examined and evaluated to determine what effect each of the drivers in the scenarios will have on the obstacles to the realization of the smart city. Considering that the predetermined factors will always be static, the changes in the level of barriers to the realization of the smart city will only be formed as a result of the changes in the drivers of the uncertainty type. Critical uncertainties cause the number of barriers to realizing a smart city to change and, in some cases, decrease and, in other cases, increase, which can be considered system results. According to the comparison of the changes in the obstacles to the realization of the smart city in different scenarios, a comprehensive analysis can be extracted regarding the realization of the smart city, and a theoretical model can be developed based on the average changes in the obstacles according to all scenarios.Based on the findings of this research, to realize the management of the smart city of Rasht, it is necessary to establish the governance fields of people institutions in the city and the city to become global by relying on its branding capabilities, such as the creative city of gastronomy and should be introduced more and more to provide sustainable development in the UNESCO creative cities network and also by taking advantage of successful models in planned migration and sustainable urban development of Rasht and surrounding satellite towns. Centralized structures to create sustainable development can be considered a solution to achieve integrated, sustainable, and intelligent management in Rasht. This research intends to provide a clear answer to this question by presenting a systematic model and using methods based on strategic foresight. To answer the main question of the research, first by reviewing the research conducted on smart city management and analyzing the content of the study conducted in the field of establishing smart cities and exploring the research conducted at the international and national level, the key related factors They were identified with the management of smart cities based on thematic literature and conducted researches. The degree of centrality of the factor of lack of optimal health management and commodification of land more than other factors and the impact of changing business patterns and its effect on the economic system of the city and the lack of optimal management of the health sector have the most impact among the obstacles. In this way, in the middle of the model presented in this research, urban management obstacles are noted, considering the degree of centrality and influence. In the two outer layers of the figure, predetermined elements and drivers with uncertainty are placed. In the first layer, there are the factors and aspects of the internal context that occur in the urban management ecosystem and have the ability to be planned by the urban management factors, and in the second layer, which is the external context, there are elements that are influenced by the factors between are international and outside the control of the city management. The above model was created based on the intensity of relationships and the power of influence between them. Then, based on the degree of centrality and importance of the factors for each scenario, the above model is examined and evaluated to determine what effect each of the drivers in the scenarios will have on the obstacles of smart city management. Considering that the predetermined factors will always be static, the changes in the level of barriers to the realization of the smart city will only be formed as a result of the changes in the drivers of the uncertainty type. Critical uncertainties cause the number of barriers to realizing a smart city to change and, in some cases, decrease and, in other cases, increase, which can be considered system results. According to the comparison of the changes in the obstacles to the realization of the smart city in different scenarios, a comprehensive analysis can be extracted regarding the realization of the smart city, and a theoretical model can be developed based on the average changes in the obstacles according to all scenarios.

Introduction: Taking care of a MENTALly retarded child can be stressful. In particular, mothers of children with intellectual disabilities experience poorer physical health, social relationships, and MENTAL well-being compared to parents of typically developing children. This research aims to examine the impact of cognitive-behavioral therapy on the psychological well-being and MENTAL health of mothers with MENTALly disabled children. Method: The research was applied with a specific purpose and executed experiMENTALly, using both an experiMENTAL group and a control group, as well as pre-test and post-test measures. The statistical population included all mothers with MENTALly disabled children who were attending exceptional schools and rehabilitation institutions in Qom. Among them, 26 individuals who met the entry criteria were randomly selected as the research sample and divided into two groups, each consisting of 13 people. The experiMENTAL group received eight 60-minute sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy. During this period, the control group was placed on the waiting list and did not receive any intervention. To collect data, the Revised Inventory of Psychological Symptoms (SCL90-R) by Derogatis et al. (1984) and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) by Luthans et al. (2007) were used. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, employing a multivariate analysis of the covariance test. Results: The study revealed a significant difference between the average pre-test and post-test scores of the experiMENTAL and control groups in the areas of psychological capital and MENTAL health variables (p<0. 0001). This indicates that cognitive-behavioral therapy resulted in improved MENTAL health and enhanced psychological capital in the experiMENTAL group. Discussion and Conclusion: Based on this, cognitive-behavioral therapy can be considered a suitable, reliable, and effective model for preventing psychological problems and enhancing the psychological well-being of mothers with MENTALly challenged children.